3 T MRI relaxometry detects T2 prolongation in the cerebral normal-appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis

Abnormal blood–brain barrier permeability in normal appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis investigated by MRI☆☆☆

OBJECTIVES To investigate whether blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability is disrupted in normal appearing white matter in MS patients, when compared to healthy controls and whether it is correlated with MS clinical characteristics. METHODS Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI was used to measure BBB permeability in 27 patients with MS and compared to 24 matched healthy controls. RESULTS Permeabili...

H magnetic resonance spectroscopy of chronic cerebral white matter lesions and normal appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis

Objectives—To test the hypothesis that irrecoverable neurological deficit in multiple sclerosis is associated with axonal loss. Methods—H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was carried out in a group of patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis (n=31). Using this technique, the apparent concentration of NA ([NA] the sum of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), a neuronal marker, and N-acetyla...

Dirty-appearing white matter: a disregarded entity in multiple sclerosis.

The pathogenesis of lesions and normal-appearing white matter changes in multiple sclerosis: a serial diffusion MRI study.

The idea that the initiating event in the formation of all new multiple sclerosis lesions is a focal blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage associated with perivascular inflammation has been challenged recently by the observation of subtle abnormalities in some quantitative magnetic resonance (MR) parameters (including the magnetization transfer ratio) prior to lesion enhancement. MR diffusion imagi...

A defect of sphingolipid metabolism modifies the properties of normal appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis

Maintaining the appropriate complement and content of lipids in cellular membranes is critical for normal neural function. Accumulating evidence suggests that even subtle perturbations in the lipid content of neurons and myelin can disrupt their function and may contribute to myelin and axonal degradation. In this study, we determined the composition and quantified the content of lipids and ste...